1: Eksp Klin Gastroenterol. 2008;(5):96-105.

[Gallbladder cholesterosis in patients with atherogenic dyslipidemia:
pathogenesis, clinical picture, treatment]

[Article in Russian]

Ovsiannikova ON, Zvenigorodskaia LA, Il'chenko AA.

Mesh Terms:
    Aged
    Antilipemic Agents/administration & dosage
    Antilipemic Agents/therapeutic use*
    Atherosclerosis/complications*
    Atherosclerosis/diagnosis
    Atherosclerosis/drug therapy
    Biopsy
    Cholagogues and Choleretics/administration & dosage
    Cholagogues and Choleretics/therapeutic use*
    Cholesterol/metabolism*
    Drug Therapy, Combination
    Dyslipidemias/complications*
    Dyslipidemias/diagnosis
    Dyslipidemias/drug therapy
    Electrocardiography
    Female
    Follow-Up Studies
    Gallbladder Diseases/diagnosis
    Gallbladder Diseases/etiology*
    Gallbladder Diseases/metabolism
    Gallbladder Diseases/prevention & control
    Humans
    Lipids/blood
    Liver/blood supply
    Liver/pathology
    Liver/ultrasonography
    Liver Function Tests
    Male
    Middle Aged
    Treatment Outcome

Substances:
    Antilipemic Agents
    Cholagogues and Choleretics
    Lipids
    Cholesterol

PMID: 19148997 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]

2: Eksp Klin Gastroenterol. 2008;(5):111-9.

[Hepatic changes in patients with atherogenic dyslipidemia]

[Article in Russian]

Mel'nikova NV, Zvenigorodskaia LA, Khomeriki SG.

Mesh Terms:
    Antilipemic Agents/administration & dosage
    Antilipemic Agents/therapeutic use
    Atherosclerosis/complications*
    Atherosclerosis/diagnosis
    Atherosclerosis/drug therapy
    Data Interpretation, Statistical
    Dyslipidemias/complications*
    Dyslipidemias/diagnosis
    Dyslipidemias/drug therapy
    Female
    Humans
    Lipids/blood
    Liver/metabolism
    Liver/pathology
    Liver/ultrasonography
    Liver Diseases/diagnosis
    Liver Diseases/drug therapy
    Liver Diseases/etiology*
    Liver Function Tests
    Male
    Middle Aged

Substances:
    Antilipemic Agents
    Lipids

PMID: 19145925 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]

3: Eksp Klin Farmakol. 2008 Nov-Dec;71(6):13-5.

[Metabolic effects of mexidol in complex treatment of chronic brain ischemia]

[Article in Russian]

Demchenko EIu, Kulakova NV, Semiglazova TA, Golovacheva AB, Borodulina EV, Udut
VV.

Patients with a chronic brain ischemia of stages I-II on the background of
hypertension and/or cerebral atherosclerosis are characterized by energy
insufficiency of the metabolism, as estimated by the activity of succinate
dehydrogenase in peripheral blood lymphocytes. Within the framework of randomized
comparative investigation of the efficiency of actovegin and mexidol in the
complex therapy of a chronic brain ischemia, positive dynamics in reduction of
the clinical semiology, restoration of cognitive processes in the brain, and
reduction of the expression of subjective manifestations of the disease is
established. On this background, the administration of mexidol led to restoration
of the energy exchange due to substrate effects of the Krebs cycle intermediates 
present in its structure.

Publication Types: 
    English Abstract
    Randomized Controlled Trial

Mesh Terms:
    Antioxidants/administration & dosage
    Antioxidants/therapeutic use*
    Bencyclane/administration & dosage
    Bencyclane/therapeutic use
    Brain Ischemia/blood
    Brain Ischemia/drug therapy*
    Brain Ischemia/metabolism
    Brain Ischemia/psychology
    Chronic Disease
    Data Interpretation, Statistical
    Drug Administration Schedule
    Drug Therapy, Combination
    Energy Metabolism/drug effects*
    Heme/administration & dosage
    Heme/analogs & derivatives*
    Heme/therapeutic use
    Humans
    Lymphocytes/drug effects
    Lymphocytes/enzymology
    Picolines/administration & dosage
    Picolines/therapeutic use*
    Succinate Dehydrogenase/metabolism
    Treatment Outcome
    Vasodilator Agents/administration & dosage
    Vasodilator Agents/therapeutic use

Substances:
    Antioxidants
    Picolines
    Vasodilator Agents
    mexidol
    Heme
    Bencyclane
    Actovegin
    Succinate Dehydrogenase

PMID: 19140508 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]

4: Ter Arkh. 2008;80(10):60-7.

[Subclinical and clinical manifestations of atherosclerosis in antiphospholipid
syndrome]

[Article in Russian]

Reshetniak TM, Seredavkina V, Mach ES, Aleksandrova EN, Novikov AA, Cherkasova
MV, Nasonov EL.

AIM: To evaluate intima-media complex (IMC) thickness in patients with
antiphospholipid syndrome in terms of clinical-laboratory manifestations and
thrombosis risk factors. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The trial included 206 patients
(57 males and 149 females, age 16-59, mean age 35.9 years). Of them, 58 (28%)
patients had primary antiphospholipid syndrome (PAPS) alone, 148 had documented
concomitant systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Seventy two (48.6%) SLE patients 
had antiphospholipid syndrome (APS), 29 (19.6%)--anticardiolipin antibodies (aCL)
level above 40 IU in two and more measurements without clinical symptoms of APS. 
In addition to standard tests, APL (lupus anticoagulant), aCL and antibodies to
beta-2 glycoprotein, blood lipids were measured. Thrombosis and atherothrombosis 
risk factors were evaluated. Ultrasound dopplerography estimated thickness of IMC
in the carotid and femoral arteries. The control group consisted of 89 donors
free of autoimmune diseases. RESULTS: Mean values of IMC thickness did not differ
between the groups. Atherosclerotic plaques (ASP) were detected in 25 (12%) of
206 patients: in 5 (9%) from PAPS group, 10 (14%) from SLE+APS, in 4 (14%) and 6 
(13%) from SLE groups aPL+ and aPL-, respectively. Mean age of patients with ASP 
was 46 +/- 6.9 years (32-55 years). ASP occurrence was associated with older age:
ASP were detected in 10 (38%) of 26 patients aged over 51 years (24 plaques), in 
10 (20%) of 50 patients aged 41-50 years (18 plaques) and in 5 (10%) of 50
patients aged 41-50 years (18 plaques) and in 5 (10%) of 50 patients aged 31-40
years (9 plaques, p = 0.001). IMC thickness and plaques were associated with
prior arterial and venous thromboses and occurred significantly more frequently
in patients with myocardial infarction and transient ischemic attacks (p <
0.001). Thrombosis and atherothrombosis risk factors were associated with changed
IMC thickness. The level of aPL and their type had no effect on IMC thickness and
ASP incidence in the groups studied. CONCLUSION: Increased IMC thickness was
associated with age irrespective of APS presence. In SLE, ASP appeared at younger
age than in PAPS patients. Atherothrombosis risk factors affect IMC thickness
irrespective of the level and type of aPL.

Publication Types: 
    English Abstract

Mesh Terms:
    Adolescent
    Adult
    Age Factors
    Antiphospholipid Syndrome/diagnosis*
    Antiphospholipid Syndrome/epidemiology*
    Coronary Artery Disease*/diagnosis
    Coronary Artery Disease*/epidemiology
    Coronary Artery Disease*/physiopathology
    Female
    Humans
    Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic/epidemiology
    Male
    Middle Aged
    Prevalence
    Risk Factors
    Severity of Illness Index
    Thrombosis/epidemiology

PMID: 19105418 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]

5: Klin Lab Diagn. 2008 Oct;(10):3-14.

[Concomitant impairments of essential fatty acids and endothelium-dependent
vasodilation in the pathogenesis of arterial hypertension and atherosclerosis]

[Article in Russian]

Titov VN.

Mesh Terms:
    Aging/metabolism
    Animals
    Atherosclerosis/drug therapy
    Atherosclerosis/etiology*
    Atherosclerosis/metabolism
    Atherosclerosis/physiopathology
    Cell Membrane/metabolism
    Disease Models, Animal
    Endothelium, Vascular*/metabolism
    Endothelium, Vascular*/physiopathology
    Fatty Acids, Essential/biosynthesis*
    Fatty Acids, Essential/metabolism
    Humans
    Hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA Reductase Inhibitors/therapeutic use
    Hypertension/drug therapy
    Hypertension/etiology*
    Hypertension/metabolism
    Hypertension/physiopathology
    Membrane Lipids/biosynthesis
    Membrane Lipids/metabolism
    Neutrophils/metabolism
    Rats
    Rats, Inbred SHR
    Species Specificity
    Vasodilation/drug effects
    Vasodilation/physiology*

Substances:
    Fatty Acids, Essential
    Hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA Reductase Inhibitors
    Membrane Lipids

PMID: 19086228 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]

6: Kardiologiia. 2008;48(11):42-6.

[Metabolic peculiarities of dyslipoproteinemias unrelated to high level of blood 
cholesterol]

[Article in Russian]

Perova NV, Ozerova IN, Aleksandrovich OV, Metel'skaia VA, Shal'nova SA,
Shkol'nikova MA.

The aim of this study was to reveal whether atherogenic or nonatherogenic
properties of dyslipoproteinemias (DLP) not related to high level of blood total 
cholesterol (C) and low density lipoprotein C (LDL C) are determined only by
shifts in serum triglycerides (TG) and/or high density lipoprotein cholesterol
(HDL C) levels, or by other lipoprotein system alterations, if any. Biochemical
factors regulating both lipid and carbohydrate metabolism were analyzed in two
subsamples of Moscow residents aged 55 years with DLP: "high TG and low HDL C"
and "normal TG and high HDL C" in comparison with randomly selected subsample
assumed as "normal". Specific biochemical indexes of atherogenicity of DLP "high 
TG and low HDL C" were found, namely: increased apo B/AI ratio; disturbed
functional activity of HDL in promoting reverse cholesterol transport expressed
as elevated apo AII/AI ratio, decreased apo AI and phospholipids (PL) levels,
decreased ratios of C/apo AI and C/PL in HDL, and decreased cholesterol-accepting
capacity of HDL. Moreover, while fasting glucose level in subjects from this
group remained unchanged, their fasting insulin level and HOMA-IR index were
increased. Thus, DLP "high TG and low HDL C" is characterized by some specific
metabolic features underlying its involvement into pathogenesis of
atherosclerosis and type 2 diabetes mellitus. On the other hand, differences in
biochemical parameters of antiatherogenic DLP "normal TG and high HDL C" from
random subsample appeared to be opposite to differences from random subsample
found for DLP "high TG and low HDL C", being in line with the present concept
about their role in determining the antiatherogenicity of this kind of DLP.

Publication Types: 
    Comparative Study
    English Abstract
    Evaluation Studies

Mesh Terms:
    Aged
    Aged, 80 and over
    Atherosclerosis/etiology
    Blood Glucose/analysis
    Cholesterol/blood*
    Cholesterol, HDL/blood
    Data Interpretation, Statistical
    Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/etiology
    Dyslipidemias/blood
    Dyslipidemias/complications
    Dyslipidemias/metabolism*
    Female
    Humans
    Immunoassay
    Insulin/blood
    Insulin Resistance
    Lipoproteins, LDL/blood*
    Male
    Middle Aged
    Triglycerides/blood*

Substances:
    Blood Glucose
    Cholesterol, HDL
    Lipoproteins, LDL
    Triglycerides
    Insulin
    Cholesterol

PMID: 19076079 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]

7: Kardiologiia. 2008;48(11):29-35.

[Genetic aspects of development of microalbuminuria in patients with hypertensive
disease]

[Article in Russian]

Minushkina LO, Brazhnik VA, Nosikov VV, Zateĭshchikov DA.

Aim of the study was to investigate association of gene candidate polymorphisms
encoding elements of the renin-angiotensin system and participating in regulation
of vascular tone with development of microalbuminuria in patients with
hypertensive disease. We examined 93 patients (52 women, 41 men, mean age
58.3+/-1.12 years, mean duration of hypertension 15.6+/-1.16 years) with
hypertensive disease. Two patients had arterial hypertension (AG) with I, 22 with
II, 63 with III degree of blood pressure (BP) elevation. Thirty four patients
smoked, 2 had stroke in anamnesis, 33 had ischemic heart disease, in 58 heredity 
burdened with cardiovascular diseases was noted. In 38 patients hypertrophy of
left ventricular myocardium was revealed. As gene-candidates we considered AGT,
ACE, AT2R1, CYP11B2, MTHFR, PPARA, PPARG2, NOS3. Patients with microalbuminuria
had significantly higher systolic and diastolic BP levels. Groups did not differ 
significantly according sex, age, disease duration, glucose level. There were no 
significant differences in involvement of other target organs - hypertrophy of
left ventricular myocardium and atherosclerosis of carotid arteries. Patients
with microalbuminuria had significantly higher level of blood cholesterol.
Patients with and without microalbuminuria differed only in frequencies of
genotypes of polymorphic marker A(-153)G of AT2R1 gene. Genotype AA predisposed
to development of nephropathy--odds ratio (OR) 4.71 (95CI 1.78-12.97), while
genotype AG was protective (OR 0.20 95%CI 0.07 to 0.56, p=0.031). According to
results of multifactorial analysis independent factors affecting increase of risk
of development of nephropathy in the studied group were level of systolic BP and 
carriage of genotype AA of polymorphic marker A(-153)G of AT2R1 gene.

Publication Types: 
    Comparative Study
    English Abstract
    Evaluation Studies

Mesh Terms:
    Albuminuria/etiology*
    Albuminuria/genetics*
    Cardiovascular Diseases/etiology
    Cholesterol/blood
    Female
    Genetic Markers
    Genotype
    Humans
    Hypertension/complications*
    Hypertension/diagnosis
    Hypertension/genetics*
    Kidney Diseases/etiology
    Male
    Middle Aged
    Myocardial Ischemia/etiology
    Odds Ratio
    Polymorphism, Genetic
    Renin-Angiotensin System/genetics
    Risk Factors
    Smoking/adverse effects
    Time Factors

Substances:
    Genetic Markers
    Cholesterol

PMID: 19076077 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]

8: Genetika. 2008 Oct;44(10):1309-16.

[Monogenic hypercholesterolemias: new genes, new drug targets]

[Article in Russian]

Mandel'shtam MIu, Vasil'ev VB.

This review is focused on recent data on structure and functions of PCSK9
proprotein convertase, a newly identified participant in cholesterol metabolism
in mammalian organisms, including humans. Proprotein convertase acts as a
molecular chaperone for the low density lipoprotein (LDL) receptor, targeting it 
to the lysosomal degradation pathway. Various mutations increasing the PCSK9
affinity toward the LDL receptor cause autosomal dominant hypercholesterolemia.
In contrast, loss-of-function mutations in PCSK9 gene decrease the blood plasma
cholesterol level, thus acting as a protection factor against atherosclerosis and
coronary heart disease. It is supposed that pharmacological agents inhibiting the
interaction between PCSK9 and LDL receptor may substantially amplify the benefits
of drugs--statins and cholesterol absorption blockers--in the treatment of all
types of hypercholesterolemia, including its widespread multigenic and
multifactorial forms.

Publication Types: 
    English Abstract
    Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    Review

Mesh Terms:
    Animals
    Atherosclerosis/genetics
    Atherosclerosis/metabolism
    Cholesterol/blood
    Cholesterol/genetics*
    Coronary Disease/genetics
    Coronary Disease/metabolism
    Humans
    Hypercholesterolemia/genetics*
    Hypercholesterolemia/metabolism
    Metabolism, Inborn Errors/genetics*
    Metabolism, Inborn Errors/metabolism
    Mutation*
    Receptors, LDL/genetics*
    Receptors, LDL/metabolism
    Serine Endopeptidases/genetics*
    Serine Endopeptidases/metabolism

Substances:
    Receptors, LDL
    Cholesterol
    PCSK9 protein, human
    Serine Endopeptidases

PMID: 19062528 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]

9: Klin Med (Mosk). 2008;86(9):4-12.

[Cardiovascular aspects of antiphospholipid syndrome]

[Article in Russian]

Reshetniak TM, Seredavkina NV, Nasonov EL.

Antiphospholipid syndrome (APS) is an acquired autoimmune thrombophilia diagnosed
based on the presence of a single clinical sign (thrombosis or and obstetric
problem) and one serological criterion (anticardiolipin antibodies and/or lupoid 
anticoagulant and/or antibodies against b2-glycoprotein-1. Clinical feature of
the syndrome are diverse and depend on localization and diameter of the affected 
Bessel. This review focuses on cardiovascular aspects of APS. Cradiovascular
system disorders are arbitrarily divided into valvular pathology, coronary and
myocardial lesions. The relationship between antiphospholoipid antibodies and
atherosclerosis is discussed.

Publication Types: 
    English Abstract
    Review

Mesh Terms:
    Antibodies, Antiphospholipid/immunology
    Antiphospholipid Syndrome/complications*
    Antiphospholipid Syndrome/immunology
    Antiphospholipid Syndrome/pathology
    Cardiovascular Diseases/etiology*
    Cardiovascular System/pathology
    Humans

Substances:
    Antibodies, Antiphospholipid

PMID: 19048829 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]

10: Zh Mikrobiol Epidemiol Immunobiol. 2008 Sep-Oct;(5):23-9.

[Ideas of I.I Mechnikov and contemporary microecology of human intestine]

[Article in Russian]

Bondarenko VM, Likhoded VG.

Contemporary state of microecology of human gut was considered in light of ideas 
of I.I Mechnikov. It was shown that many ideas of our great countryman, which
were expressed as far back as in the beginning of previous century, were
confirmed in studies conducted in the last decades. It was calculated that total 
gene pool of microflora present in human organism which was named "microbiom",
consists from 400,000 genes that is 12 times higher of human genome size. Such
wide spectrum determines also huge functional activity of microorganisms, which
participate in regulation of many physiological and immune reactions that provide
protection of an organism from diseases, including infectious. Conception about
fundamental role of facultative microflora in development of chronic inflammatory
diseases of gastrointestinal tract was confirmed; the role of Gram-negative
bacteria endotoxin in the development of atherosclerosis was established.
Processes of interaction between products of intestinal microflora and
pattern-recognizing Toll-like receptors (TLR), particularly TLR4, which
recognizes endotoxins (lypopolysaccharides of Gram-negative microflora), were
considered. It was shown that loss of TLR4 induced by mutation results in
lowering of the risk of atherosclerosis.

Publication Types: 
    Biography
    English Abstract
    Historical Article

Mesh Terms:
    Atherosclerosis/genetics
    Endotoxins/metabolism
    Enterobacteriaceae/classification
    Enterobacteriaceae/genetics
    Enterobacteriaceae/isolation & purification
    Enterobacteriaceae/physiology*
    Gastrointestinal Diseases/immunology
    Gastrointestinal Diseases/microbiology*
    History, 19th Century
    History, 20th Century
    History, 21st Century
    Humans
    Intestines/immunology
    Intestines/metabolism
    Intestines/microbiology*
    Lipopolysaccharides/metabolism
    Russia
    Symbiosis
    Toll-Like Receptor 4/genetics
    Toll-Like Receptor 4/physiology

Substances:
    Endotoxins
    Lipopolysaccharides
    TLR4 protein, human
    Toll-Like Receptor 4

Personal Name as Subject: 
    Mechnikov II

PMID: 19004280 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]

11: Zh Evol Biokhim Fiziol. 2008 Sep-Oct;44(5):492-500.

[Comparative biochemical analysis of blood serum lipoproteins from human and
various animal species]

[Article in Russian]

Lizenko MV, Regerand TI, Bakhirev AM, Lizenko EI.

Lipid composition of blood serum and total lipids of low density lipoproteins
(LDL) and high density lipoproteins (HDL2 and HDL3) were studied in human
(donors, patients with ischemic heart disease, bronchial asthma, chronic
obstructive bronchitis, as well as with a combined pathology), in mammals
predisposed to atherosclerosis (pig, rabbit) and resistant to atherosclerosis
(rat, mink, Arctic fox), in birds (hen, pigeon), in teleost fish (white fish,
pikeperch, pike, bream, burbot) and cartilaginous fish (sturgeon, housen). It has
been established that the most enriched in lipids is the blood serum of animals, 
particularly of cartilaginous fish. Twice lower is the lipid content in blood
serum of donors than of animals. However, in the vascular, bronchial-pulmonary,
and combined human pathologies the lipid level rises statistically significantly.
In human and in animals predisposed to atherosclerosis the main mass of lipid is 
located in LDL, whereas in animals resistant to this disease--in HDL. The ratio
of the human lipid content in LDL/HDL increases from 1.4 (in donors) to 2.7 in
pathological states--in ischemic heart disease and its combination with chronic
obstructive disease. In animals, a decrease of this ratio is noted from 1.0 to
0.2 in cartilaginous fish. By the example of one taxon (fish) there is
established a regularity that indicates that evolution of lipoproteins occurred
with an increase of the lipid amount in the "younger" LDL and with a decrease of 
concentration of the "colder" HDL.

Publication Types: 
    Comparative Study
    English Abstract

Mesh Terms:
    Animals
    Asthma/blood*
    Asthma/metabolism
    Bronchitis, Chronic/metabolism
    Humans
    Lipids/blood*
    Lipoproteins, HDL/blood*
    Lipoproteins, LDL/blood*
    Myocardial Ischemia/blood*
    Myocardial Ischemia/metabolism
    Species Specificity

Substances:
    Lipids
    Lipoproteins, HDL
    Lipoproteins, LDL

PMID: 18959212 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]

12: Vestn Khir Im I I Grek. 2008;167(4):13-5.

[Surgical treatment of small aneurysms of the ascending aorta by the method of
plasty and bandage]

[Article in Russian]

Shneĭder IuA, Aleshin NG, Krasikov AV.

On the basis of cardio-vascular department of the Saint Petersburg Medical
academy of postdiploma education the authors made an analysis of surgical
treatment of 23 patients with small (45-55 mm) aneurysms of the ascending portion
of the aorta. Mean age of the patients by the time of operation was 55 years
(from 35 to 75 years). The causes of the disease were as follows: poststenotic
dilatation of the aorta--in 15 patients, atherosclerosis--in 5 patients,
degenerative media pathology--in 3 patients. Critical aortal stenosis was
revealed in 15 patients, 12 of them had insufficiency of the aortal valve. All
the patients were subjected to longitudinal plasty of the aneurysm and banding
with a vascular prosthesis, under conditions of mild hypothermic chemical
cardioplegia. Good results were followed up for 5-10 years.

Publication Types: 
    Comparative Study
    English Abstract

Mesh Terms:
    Adult
    Aged
    Angioplasty/methods*
    Aortic Aneurysm, Thoracic/diagnosis
    Aortic Aneurysm, Thoracic/surgery*
    Blood Vessel Prosthesis*
    Echocardiography, Transesophageal
    Female
    Follow-Up Studies
    Humans
    Male
    Middle Aged
    Radiography, Thoracic
    Retrospective Studies
    Suture Techniques
    Time Factors
    Treatment Outcome

PMID: 18942428 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]

13: Khirurgiia (Mosk). 2008;(9):51-5.

[Lower limb distal atherosclerotic gangrene--is high amputation always
necessary?]

[Article in Russian]

Ismailov NB, Vesnin AV.

The results of treatment of patients with systemic atherosclerosis, complicated
by foot and ankle soft tissue destruction. The majority of such patients are
amenable to an incapacitating operation--a high femoral amputation. The results
of arterial reconstructive measures do not always lead to a desirable effect, on 
the contrary, it can worsen the process and lead to a secondary amputation. The
results of reconstructive treatment of 133 elderly and senile patients showed,
that arterial reconstructive measures, amplified with necrectomy and minor
amputation, allow to keep the limb and thus, the quality of life.

Publication Types: 
    Comparative Study
    English Abstract

Mesh Terms:
    Aged
    Aged, 80 and over
    Amputation/methods*
    Atherosclerosis/complications
    Atherosclerosis/surgery*
    Female
    Femoral Artery*
    Gangrene/etiology
    Gangrene/surgery*
    Humans
    Leg/blood supply
    Leg/surgery*
    Male
    Retrospective Studies
    Treatment Outcome

PMID: 18833184 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]

14: Lik Sprava. 2008 Jan-Feb;(1-2):3-30.

[Fifth revolution in medicine: on the role of infections in pathogenesis of aging
and chronic diseases]

[Article in Russian]

Alibek K, Grechanyĭ L, Klimenko T, Pashkova A.

The XXth century is marked by the substantial increase in human life expectancy. 
Historically, main reasons for that are four achievements of medicine: (1)
improvements in common hygiene, such as waste disposal and water purification
which led to the significant reduction of communicable diseases; (2) common
recognition of Pasteur's Germ Theory followed by improvements in occupational and
personal hygiene as well as introduction of antiseptic and aseptic measures; (3) 
decrease in childhood mortality due to the discovery and widespread application
of vaccination; and (4) the discovery and clinical application of antibiotics. An
epidemiological transition took place, i.e. the shift from communicable
infectious diseases, as a main cause of morbidity and mortality, to chronic
degenerative diseases, mainly considered non-infectious. Experimental evidence
has been accumulated on a significant number of microorganisms, including viruses
(such as a group of herpes viruses, hepatitis viruses, etc.), bacteria
(Chlamydia, Helicobacter, periodontal pathogens, etc.), fungi and parasites, as
an underlying reason for many of diseases, such as atherosclerosis, various
cancers, type 1 and 2 diabetes, neurodegenerative and some psychiatric diseases, 
osteoporosis, autoimmune diseases and others. On the other hand, most of these
diseases have been traditionally associated with age, together with other
"age-related" disorders, such as immune system suppression, thymus involution,
pathologic calcification, etc. Taken together, these facts suggest that aging,
among others, has infectious origins, and that burden of infections may lead to
enhanced senescence and premature death. In fact, infections may serve as a
trigger of senescence, presumably via the mechanisms of chronic oxidative stress,
low-grade inflammation, telomere shortening, and autoimmune processes due to the 
molecular mimicry. We believe that next step in human longevity increase can be
possible by common appreciation of the role of infections as the main trigger of 
age-related diseases and disorders, and by efforts to cure and/or eradicate these
infections.

Publication Types: 
    English Abstract

Mesh Terms:
    Aging*/genetics
    Chronic Disease*
    Female
    Humans
    Infection/complications*
    Infection/microbiology
    Longevity/genetics
    Male

PMID: 18825837 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]

15: Klin Med (Mosk). 2008;86(8):32-9.

[The role of cytokines in restenosing coronary stents and the efficiency of its
secondary prophylaxis with statins]

[Article in Russian]

Tepliakov AT, Rybal'chenko EV.

This study was designed to assess the diagnostic value of dynamic patterns of
anti-inflammatory cytokines (IL-1b, IL-6, TNF-alpha) in patients with ischemic
heart disease (IHD) and restenosis of coronary stents 14 months after their
implantation for long-term prophylaxis of dyslipoproteinemia. A total of 40
patients with IHD of advanced functional classes (FC) were examined. Blood
cytokine levels were measured before, 1 day, and 12-18 months after coronary
stenting. Two groups of 23 and 17 patients included cases with recurrent angina
and without it respectively. The main parameters measured in the study were
in-stent restenosis rate, incidence of' acute myocardial infarction (AMI),
mortality rate, frequency of hospitalization for unstable angina, and the levels 
of proinflammatory cytokines. Considerable activation of cytokines in patients
with post-infarction cardiac dysfunction who rarely resorted to therapy with
statins (16.7%) was associated with the high rate of recurrent coronary
insufficiency related to in-stent occlusion (8.7%), progressive atherosclerosis
(65.2%), impaired myocardial perfusion, and restenosis of coronary stents
(26.1%). Patients lacking apparent expression of serum cytokines after
revascularization while receiving efficacious secondary prophylaxis of
dyslipidemia (13.8 and 17% decrease of triglycerides (TG) and low density
lipoproteins (LDL) cholesterol respectively, p = 0.04) had left ventricular
ejection fraction (LVEF) improved by 12.5% (p = 0.03%), left ventricular end
diastolic pressure (LVEDP) decreased by 15.8% (p = 0.03), and frequency of
ischemic perfusion defect (PD) reduced by 45.3% (p = 0.01). Moreover, they showed
low incidence of progressive coronary atherosclerosis (17.6%) in the absence of
in-stent restenosis. It is concluded that the frequency of restenosis of coronary
stents after endovascular myocardial revascularization depends on the
preprocedural rise in IL-1b content (R = 0.62, p = 0.0023). It is concluded that 
long-term secondary prophylaxis of dyslipoproteinemia in patients with ischemic
dysfunction at risk of coronary restenosis effectively (more than thrice)
decreases the occurrence of coronary stent restenosis after endovascular
revasularization.

Publication Types: 
    Clinical Trial
    English Abstract

Mesh Terms:
    Cardiac Surgical Procedures
    Coronary Stenosis/epidemiology*
    Coronary Stenosis/etiology*
    Cytokines/metabolism*
    Dyslipidemias/epidemiology
    Dyslipidemias/prevention & control*
    Female
    Humans
    Hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA Reductase Inhibitors/therapeutic use*
    Male
    Middle Aged
    Myocardial Ischemia/metabolism*
    Myocardial Ischemia/surgery*
    Postoperative Complications*
    Prospective Studies
    Stents*
    Treatment Outcome

Substances:
    Cytokines
    Hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA Reductase Inhibitors

PMID: 18819344 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]

16: Klin Med (Mosk). 2008;86(8):4-12.

[Atherothrombosis: state-of-the-art review and approaches to the problem]

[Article in Russian]

Bokarev IN, Popova LV.

Acute ischemia resulting from arterial lesions poses a real threat to mankind.
The concept of atherothrombosis aims to unite doctors of different specialities
to combat this pathology; it suggests active exchange of experience in the
management of aherothrombosis between representatives of different medical
disciplines. The concept is expected to promote treatment of the patients. The
common pathogenetic mechanism of ischemic disorders of the heart, brain, and
lower extremities provides a basis for the recommendation of active
antithrombotic therapy for their prevention. The current approach to the
management of atherothrombosis is prone to further improvement despite certain
reports of successful inpatient treatment of acute myocardial infarction.
Prevention of blood clot formation, i.e. prophylaxis of atherosclerosis, remains 
a challenging problem. Statins may prove of great help in this respect. Studies
of the effect of infectious factors on the integrity of the fibrous envelope of
an atherosclerotic plaque are currently underway.

Publication Types: 
    English Abstract
    Review

Mesh Terms:
    Coronary Artery Disease/drug therapy*
    Coronary Artery Disease/epidemiology*
    Coronary Thrombosis/drug therapy*
    Coronary Thrombosis/epidemiology*
    Fibrinolytic Agents/therapeutic use*
    Humans
    Intracranial Arteriosclerosis/drug therapy*
    Intracranial Arteriosclerosis/epidemiology*
    Intracranial Thrombosis/complications*
    Intracranial Thrombosis/drug therapy*

Substances:
    Fibrinolytic Agents

PMID: 18819339 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]

17: Ter Arkh. 2008;80(8):63-5.

[Simvastatin effects on the disease activity and cholesterol content in blood
serum lipoprotein subfractions in patients with rheumatoid arthritis]

[Article in Russian]

Shirinskiĭ IV, Zheltova OI, Shirinskiĭ VS, Kozlov VA.

AIM: To study activity of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and cholesterol content in
subfractions of blood serum lipoproteins in the course of simvastatin treatment. 
MATERIAL AND METHODS: The pilot study enrolled 16 patients with active rheumatoid
arthritis (RA) meeting ACR criteria. Any standard anti-RA medication in stable
doses was supplemented with simvastatin in a dose 40 mg/day for 12 weeks. The
response was assessed by contents of cholesterol in serum lipoprotein
subfractions and DAS28 index. RESULTS: At the end of the treatment course there
was a significant elevation of HDLP2 and HDLP3 cholesterol and reduction in the
levels of LDLP1-3 and LDLP cholesterol. DAS28 decreased by 0.89 points to the end
of the treatment. CONCLUSION: Administration of simvastatin in patients with
active RA on standard disease-modulating drugs has an antiatherogenic action and 
attenuates the disease activity. These pilot data should be confirmed by further 
large-scale controlled trials.

Publication Types: 
    Comparative Study
    English Abstract

Mesh Terms:
    Adult
    Aged
    Anticholesteremic Agents/administration & dosage
    Anticholesteremic Agents/therapeutic use*
    Antirheumatic Agents/therapeutic use
    Arthritis, Rheumatoid/blood
    Arthritis, Rheumatoid/complications
    Arthritis, Rheumatoid/drug therapy*
    Atherosclerosis/blood
    Atherosclerosis/complications
    Atherosclerosis/prevention & control
    Cholesterol/blood*
    Dose-Response Relationship, Drug
    Drug Therapy, Combination
    Female
    Follow-Up Studies
    Humans
    Lipoproteins/blood*
    Male
    Middle Aged
    Pilot Projects
    Simvastatin/administration & dosage
    Simvastatin/therapeutic use*
    Treatment Outcome

Substances:
    Anticholesteremic Agents
    Antirheumatic Agents
    Lipoproteins
    Cholesterol
    Simvastatin

PMID: 18807544 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]

18: Ter Arkh. 2008;80(8):30-8.

[Cardiorenal syndrome in ischemic renal disease (atherosclerotic renovascular
hypertension)]

[Article in Russian]

Mukhin NA, Fomin VV, Moiseev SV, Shvetsov MIu, Kutyrina IM, Zaĭtsev AIu,
Taronishvili OI.

AIM: To characterize cardiorenal syndrome in ischemic renal disease (IRD).
MATERIAL AND METHODS: In examination of 105 IRD patients (63 males and 42
females, mean age 63.8 +/- 5.1 years) we estimated body mass index (BMI), indices
of peripheral blood and urine, blood biochemistry, glomerular filtration rate
(GFR). Plasmic homocystein concentration was measured in 30 patients. We also
studied incidence of some cardiovascular risk factors, clinical variants of
atherosclerosis and their correlation with GFR. RESULTS: IRD patients most
frequently had hypertriglyceridemia (67.6%), hypercholesterinemia (53.3%),
smoking (47.1%), obesity (41.9%), metabolic syndrome (38.1%), type 2 diabetes
mellitus, arterial hypertension of the third degree (70.6%), isolated systolic
arterial hypertension (46.7%). GFR was significantly lower in smokers (p <
0.001), arterial hypertension of the third degree (p < 0.05), isolated systolic
arterial hypertension (p < 0.001) and type 2 diabetes mellitus (p < 0.05). In GFR
< 40 ml/min homocysteinemia increased significantly (p < 0.01). Coronary artery
disease in IRD occurred in 52.4%, cerebrovascular diseases (brain stroke,
transitory ischemic attacks)--in 29.5%, intermittent claudication--in 19.0%,
aneurism of the abdominal aorta--in 7.6%, documented atherosclerotic affection of
the upper limb arteries--in 2.8%. Patients with intermittent claudication were
characterized by significantly less GFR compared to that in patients without
clinical symptoms of affected arteries of the lower limbs (38.6 +/- 8.2 and 44.6 
+/- 7.3 ml/min, respectively; p < 0.01). CONCLUSION: Basic symptoms of
cardiorenal syndrome in IRD are high rate of cardiovascular risk factors, some of
them provoke aggravation of glomerular endotheliocyte dysfunction and
deterioration of intrarenal hemodynamics leading to GFR reduction underlying
appearance of new endothelium-tropic risk factors (hyperhomocysteinemia), and
progression of atherosclerotic process with formation of its special clinical
forms (intermittent claudication).

Publication Types: 
    Editorial
    English Abstract

Mesh Terms:
    Adult
    Aged
    Aged, 80 and over
    Atherosclerosis/complications*
    Atherosclerosis/physiopathology
    Blood Pressure/physiology
    Disease Progression
    Female
    Glomerular Filtration Rate/physiology
    Humans
    Hypertension, Renovascular/etiology*
    Hypertension, Renovascular/physiopathology
    Ischemia/complications*
    Ischemia/physiopathology
    Kidney/blood supply*
    Kidney/physiopathology
    Male
    Middle Aged
    Prognosis
    Risk Factors
    Syndrome

PMID: 18807537 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]

19: Kardiologiia. 2008;48(7):35-9.

[Prognostication of results of coronary artery bypass surgery in men living in
the North]

[Article in Russian]

Milovanova EV, Urvantseva IA, Katiukhin VN.

We analyzed immediate and remote results of coronary artery bypass surgery and
prognostication of outcome of the intervention in dependence on various risk
factors in 576 men aged 29 - 71 years living in the North. We formed a model with
strong prognostic effect on lethal outcome during in-hospital postoperative
period which included the following parameters: perioperative myocardial
infarction, complex character of surgery, left ventricular ejection fraction less
than 40%, number of distal anastomoses 5 and more, functional class III chronic
heart failure. Method of regression analysis revealed factors also related to
lethal outcome in period of hospitalization: functional class IV of angina,
duration of operation more than 5 hours, mitral insufficiency of 2nd degree and
above, myocardial infarction of left ventricular anterior wall, history of 2 or
more infarctions. Model with strong prognostic effect on mortality in remote
period (3 years after surgery) included the following parameters: left
ventricular ejection fraction less than 40%, functional class III chronic heart
failure, repeat character of operation, left ventricular aneurysm, lack of use of
internal mammary artery. Most significant factors additionally affecting long
term mortality were the following: involvement of left coronary artery trunk,
duration of surgery more than 5 hours, atherosclerosis of magistral arteries,
mitral insufficiency of 2nd degree and above, cardiac rhythm disturbances.

Publication Types: 
    Comparative Study
    English Abstract

Mesh Terms:
    Adult
    Aged
    Arctic Regions/epidemiology
    Coronary Artery Bypass/methods*
    Follow-Up Studies
    Humans
    Male
    Men's Health*
    Middle Aged
    Myocardial Infarction/mortality
    Myocardial Infarction/physiopathology
    Myocardial Infarction/surgery*
    Prognosis
    Retrospective Studies
    Risk Factors
    Russia/epidemiology
    Stroke Volume/physiology
    Survival Rate/trends
    Ventricular Function, Left/physiology*

PMID: 18789024 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]

20: Kardiologiia. 2008;48(8):41-5.

[Molecular mechanisms of effects of rosuvastatin on systemic oxidative stress and
endogenous inflammation in patients with atherosclerosis]

[Article in Russian]

Shchukin IuV, D'iachkov VA, Seleznev EI, Danilova EA, Pikatova EA, Medvedeva EA.

Aim of the study was to investigate peculiarities of effects of rosuvastatin on
the state of oxidative stress and endogenous inflammation in patients with
extensive atherosclerosis. Patients with extensive atherosclerosis included into 
the study (n=46, mean age 56.5 +/- 2.2 years) were distributed to 2 equivalent
according to clinico-instrumental data groups. To patients of group 1 (n=24)
standard therapy was prescribed (antiaggregants, ACE inhibitors,
b-adrenoblockers, and nitrates when indicated), patients of group 2 (n=22) in
addition to standard therapy took rosuvastatin (10 mg/day). Investigations
included measurement of parameters of serum lipid profile, content of thiol
groups of blood serum proteins, activity of enzyme glutathione peroxidase, in
vivo oxidation of whole blood serum and HDL, concentration of 3-nitrotirosine,
high sensitivity C-reactive protein and interleukin-6, activity of type 2IIA
secretory phospholipase A2. It was found that level of 3-nitrotirosine and
activity of secretory phospholipase A2 together with high sensitivity C-reactive 
protein appear to be effective markers of systemic oxidative stress and
endogenous inflammation in patients with extensive atherosclerosis. Treatment
with rosuvastatin in moderate doses significantly suppressed activity of
endogenous inflammation and oxidative stress by way of activation of antioxidant 
system of plasma, decrease of oxidation of fractions of lipoproteins, suppression
of " nitrotirosine " stress, as well as partial inhibition of efficacy of action 
of secretory phospholipase A2, lowering of content of C-reactive protein and
interleukin-6.

Publication Types: 
    English Abstract

Mesh Terms:
    Coronary Artery Disease/epidemiology*
    Coronary Artery Disease/immunology
    Coronary Artery Disease/pathology*
    Female
    Fluorobenzenes/pharmacology*
    Fluorobenzenes/therapeutic use*
    Humans
    Hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA Reductase Inhibitors/pharmacology*
    Hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA Reductase Inhibitors/therapeutic use*
    Hypercholesterolemia/drug therapy*
    Hypercholesterolemia/epidemiology
    Male
    Middle Aged
    Oxidative Stress/drug effects*
    Pyrimidines/pharmacology*
    Pyrimidines/therapeutic use*
    Sulfonamides/pharmacology*
    Sulfonamides/therapeutic use*

Substances:
    Fluorobenzenes
    Hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA Reductase Inhibitors
    Pyrimidines
    Sulfonamides
    rosuvastatin

PMID: 18789009 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]