1: Monjas-Cánovas I, Hernández-García I, Mauri-Barberá J, Sanz-Romero B,
Gras-Albert JR. [Epidemiology of epistaxes admitted to a tertiary hospital.].
Acta Otorrinolaringol Esp. 2010 January - February;61(1):41-47. Epub 2009 Dec 10.
Spanish. PubMed PMID: 20004879.

2: Ntomouchtsis A, Venetis G, Zouloumis L, Lazaridis N. Ischemic necrosis of nose
and palate after embolization for epistaxis. A case report. Oral Maxillofac Surg.
2009 Dec 1. [Epub ahead of print] PubMed PMID: 19949825.

3: Janota T. [Hypertensive crisis--the present view]. Cas Lek Cesk.
2009;148(8):370-3. Review. Czech. PubMed PMID: 19899722.

4: Cohen MH, Shen YL, Keegan P, Pazdur R. FDA drug approval summary: bevacizumab 
(Avastin) as treatment of recurrent glioblastoma multiforme. Oncologist. 2009
Nov;14(11):1131-8. Epub 2009 Nov 6. PubMed PMID: 19897538.

5: Starling N, Watkins D, Cunningham D, Thomas J, Webb J, Brown G, Thomas K,
Oates J, Chau I. Dose finding and early efficacy study of gemcitabine plus
capecitabine in combination with bevacizumab plus erlotinib in advanced
pancreatic cancer. J Clin Oncol. 2009 Nov 20;27(33):5499-505. Epub 2009 Oct 26.
PubMed PMID: 19858399.

6: Theodosis P, Mouktaroudi M, Papadogiannis D, Ladas S, Papaspyrou S. Epistaxis 
of patients admitted in the emergency department is not indicative of underlying 
arterial hypertension. Rhinology. 2009 Sep;47(3):260-3. PubMed PMID: 19839247.

7: Harvinder S, Rosalind S, Gurdeep S. Endoscopic cauterization of the
sphenopalatine artery in persistent epistaxis. Med J Malaysia. 2008
Dec;63(5):377-8. PubMed PMID: 19803294.

8: Lièvre A, Samalin E, Mitry E, Assenat E, Boyer-Gestin C, Lepère C, Bachet JB, 
Portales F, Vaillant JN, Ychou M, Rougier P. Bevacizumab plus FOLFIRI or FOLFOX
in chemotherapy-refractory patients with metastatic colorectal cancer: a
retrospective study. BMC Cancer. 2009 Sep 28;9:347. PubMed PMID: 19785749; PubMed
Central PMCID: PMC2761407.

9: Mladina R, Skitarelić NB, Skitarelić NP. Is recurrent epistaxis from
Kiesselbach's area (REKAS) in any relationship to the hemorrhoidal disease? Med
Hypotheses. 2009 Dec;73(6):955-7. Epub 2009 Aug 12. PubMed PMID: 19679399.

10: Chanana B, Gupta N, Azad RV. Case report: bilateral simultaneous central
retinal vein occlusion in Waldenström's macroglobulinemia. Optometry. 2009
Jul;80(7):350-3. PubMed PMID: 19545847.

11: Rainsbury JW, Molony NC. Clopidogrel versus low-dose aspirin as risk factors 
for epistaxis. Clin Otolaryngol. 2009 Jun;34(3):232-5. PubMed PMID: 19531172.

12: Amato VS, Tuon FF, Imamura R, Abegão de Camargo R, Duarte MI, Neto VA.
Mucosal leishmaniasis: description of case management approaches and analysis of 
risk factors for treatment failure in a cohort of 140 patients in Brazil. J Eur
Acad Dermatol Venereol. 2009 Sep;23(9):1026-34. Epub 2009 May 4. PubMed PMID:
19453817.

13: Isezuo SA, Segun-Busari S, Ezunu E, Yakubu A, Iseh K, Legbo J, Alabi BS,
Dunmade AE, Ologe FE. Relationship between epistaxis and hypertension: a study of
patients seen in the emergency units of two tertiary health institutions in
Nigeria. Niger J Clin Pract. 2008 Dec;11(4):379-82. PubMed PMID: 19320416.

14: Iseh KR, Muhammad Z. Pattern of epistaxis in Sokoto, Nigeria: a review of 72 
cases. Ann Afr Med. 2008 Sep;7(3):107-11. Review. PubMed PMID: 19253519.

15: Celik T, Iyisoy A, Yuksel UC, Karahatay S, Tan Y, Isik E. A new evidence of
end-organ damage in the patients with arterial hypertension: Epistaxis? Int J
Cardiol. 2009 Jan 11. [Epub ahead of print] PubMed PMID: 19138805.

16: Burstein HJ, Chen YH, Parker LM, Savoie J, Younger J, Kuter I, Ryan PD,
Garber JE, Chen H, Campos SM, Shulman LN, Harris LN, Gelman R, Winer EP. VEGF as 
a marker for outcome among advanced breast cancer patients receiving anti-VEGF
therapy with bevacizumab and vinorelbine chemotherapy. Clin Cancer Res. 2008 Dec 
1;14(23):7871-7. PubMed PMID: 19047116.

17: Blasco V, Heng Ban L, Velly L, Leone M, Gouin F. [Brain placement of a double
balloon catheter after extensive craniofacial trauma]. Ann Fr Anesth Reanim. 2008
Oct;27(10):843-5. Epub 2008 Sep 27. French. PubMed PMID: 18824320.

18: Rigelsky CM, Jennings C, Lehtonen R, Minai OA, Eng C, Aldred MA. BMPR2
mutation in a patient with pulmonary arterial hypertension and suspected
hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia. Am J Med Genet A. 2008 Oct
1;146A(19):2551-6. PubMed PMID: 18792970.

19: Prulière-Escabasse V, Escudier E, Balheda R, Soria JC, Coste A, Massard C.
Rhinitis and epistaxis in patients treated by anti-angiogenic therapy. Invest New
Drugs. 2009 Jun;27(3):285-6. Epub 2008 Aug 27. PubMed PMID: 18754078.

20: Wittig T. [Hypertensive crisis: collapse after using nitro spray. For the
elderly a low dose chew capsule is better!]. MMW Fortschr Med. 2008 May
22;150(21):11. German. PubMed PMID: 18575246.

21: Shitara K, Munakata M, Muto O, Sakata Y. Metastatic rectal cancer responding 
to third-line therapy employing bevacizumab after failure of oxaliplatin and
irinotecan: case report. Jpn J Clin Oncol. 2008 Jul;38(7):493-6. Epub 2008 Jun
20. PubMed PMID: 18567598.

22: Ziemer C. [Nitrospray in hypertensive crisis with acute nosebleed. Suddenly
the patient collapsed]. MMW Fortschr Med. 2008 Apr 17;150(16):7. German. PubMed
PMID: 18557212.

23: Knopfholz J, Lima-Junior E, Précoma-Neto D, Faria-Neto JR. Association
between epistaxis and hypertension: a one year follow-up after an index episode
of nose bleeding in hypertensive patients. Int J Cardiol. 2009 May
29;134(3):e107-9. Epub 2008 May 21. PubMed PMID: 18499285.

24: Geisthoff UW. [Recurrent epistaxis]. MMW Fortschr Med. 2008 Feb 21;150(8):43.
German. PubMed PMID: 18361163.

25: Awan MS, Iqbal M, Imam SZ. Epistaxis: when are coagulation studies justified?
Emerg Med J. 2008 Mar;25(3):156-7. PubMed PMID: 18299365.

26: Bissett SA, Drobatz KJ, McKnight A, Degernes LA. Prevalence, clinical
features, and causes of epistaxis in dogs: 176 cases (1996-2001). J Am Vet Med
Assoc. 2007 Dec 15;231(12):1843-50. PubMed PMID: 18081523.

27: Xue T, Qiu J, Qiao L, Lu L, Deng Z, Chen F, Zha D. [Retrospective analysis of
1062 cases consulted by an otolaryngology chief resident]. Lin Chung Er Bi Yan
Hou Tou Jing Wai Ke Za Zhi. 2007 Sep;21(17):786-9. Chinese. PubMed PMID:
17993016.

28: Parlak I, Parlak M, Erdur B, Kuru O, Turkcuer I, Ayrik C. Sudden painless
visual loss after initiation of antihypertensive therapy: case report. Eur J
Emerg Med. 2007 Dec;14(6):354-5. PubMed PMID: 17968203.

29: Kupersmith MJ, Stiebel-Kalish H, Huna-Baron R, Setton A, Niimi Y, Langer D,
Berenstein A. Cavernous carotid aneurysms rarely cause subarachnoid hemorrhage or
major neurologic morbidity. J Stroke Cerebrovasc Dis. 2002 Jan-Feb;11(1):9-14.
PubMed PMID: 17903849.

30: Mylonakis ME, Saridomichelakis MN, Lazaridis V, Leontides LS, Kostoulas P,
Koutinas AF. A retrospective study of 61 cases of spontaneous canine epistaxis
(1998 to 2001). J Small Anim Pract. 2008 Apr;49(4):191-6. Epub 2007 Sep 7. PubMed
PMID: 17850275.

31: Cottin V, Dupuis-Girod S, Lesca G, Cordier JF. Pulmonary vascular
manifestations of hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia (rendu-osler disease).
Respiration. 2007;74(4):361-78. Review. PubMed PMID: 17641482.

32: Nouraei SA, Maani T, Hajioff D, Saleh HA, Mackay IS. Outcome of endoscopic
sphenopalatine artery occlusion for intractable epistaxis: a 10-year experience. 
Laryngoscope. 2007 Aug;117(8):1452-6. PubMed PMID: 17607148.

33: Cohen MH, Gootenberg J, Keegan P, Pazdur R. FDA drug approval summary:
bevacizumab (Avastin) plus Carboplatin and Paclitaxel as first-line treatment of 
advanced/metastatic recurrent nonsquamous non-small cell lung cancer. Oncologist.
2007 Jun;12(6):713-8. PubMed PMID: 17602060.

34: Hussain G, Iqbal M, Shah SA, Said M, Sanaullah, Khan SA, Iqbal M, Zaman J.
Evaluation of aetiology and efficacy of management protocol of epistaxis. J Ayub 
Med Coll Abbottabad. 2006 Oct-Dec;18(4):63-6. PubMed PMID: 17591013.

35: Curigliano G, Balduzzi A, Cardillo A, Ghisini R, Peruzzotti G, Orlando L,
Torrisi R, Dellapasqua S, Lunghi L, Goldhirsch A, Colleoni M. Low-dose aspirin
for the prevention of venous thromboembolism in breast cancer patients treated
with infusional chemotherapy after insertion of central vein catheter. Support
Care Cancer. 2007 Oct;15(10):1213-7. Epub 2007 Jun 20. PubMed PMID: 17578607.

36: Bayazit AK, Yalcinkaya F, Cakar N, Duzova A, Bircan Z, Bakkaloglu A, Canpolat
N, Kara N, Sirin A, Ekim M, Oner A, Akman S, Mir S, Baskin E, Poyrazoglu HM,
Noyan A, Akil I, Bakkaloglu S, Soylu A. Reno-vascular hypertension in childhood: 
a nationwide survey. Pediatr Nephrol. 2007 Sep;22(9):1327-33. Epub 2007 May 30.
PubMed PMID: 17534666.

37: Avila LF, Luis AL, Encinas JL, Hernández F, Olivares P, Fernández Cuadrado J,
Hierro L, Jara P, López Santamaría M, Tovar JA. [Congenital portosystemic shunt. 
The Abernethy malformation]. Cir Pediatr. 2006 Oct;19(4):204-9. Spanish. PubMed
PMID: 17352108.

38: Trotter MI, De R, Drake-Lee A. Evidence-based management of epistaxis in
adults. Br J Hosp Med (Lond). 2006 Dec;67(12):651-3. Review. PubMed PMID:
17328449.

39: Dizdar O, Onal IK, Ozakin E, Karakiliç E, Karadag O, Kalyoncu U, Coşkun F,
Buyukasik Y. Research for bleeding tendency in patients presenting with
significant epistaxis. Blood Coagul Fibrinolysis. 2007 Jan;18(1):41-3. PubMed
PMID: 17179825.

40: Thong JF, Lo S, Houghton R, Moore-Gillon V. A prospective comparative study
to examine the effects of oral diazepam on blood pressure and anxiety levels in
patients with acute epistaxis. J Laryngol Otol. 2007 Feb;121(2):124-9. Epub 2006 
Nov 3. PubMed PMID: 17083752.

41: Sumboonnanonda A, Chongcharoensuk C, Supavekin S, Pattaragarn A. Persistent
hypertension in Thai children: etiologies and outcome. J Med Assoc Thai. 2006
Aug;89 Suppl 2:S28-32. PubMed PMID: 17044451.

42: Khémiri M, Ridane H, Bou YO, Matoussi N, Khaldi F. [11 beta hydroxylase
deficiency: a clinical study of seven cases]. Tunis Med. 2006 Feb;84(2):106-13.
French. PubMed PMID: 16755975.

43: Cottin V, Blanchet AS, Cordier JF. [Pulmonary manifestations of hereditary
hemorrhagic telangiectasia]. Rev Mal Respir. 2006 Apr;23 Suppl 2:4S53-4S66.
Review. French. PubMed PMID: 16733401.

44: Lenato GM, Guanti G. Hereditary Haemorrhagic Telangiectasia (HHT): genetic
and molecular aspects. Curr Pharm Des. 2006;12(10):1173-93. Review. PubMed PMID: 
16611099.

45: Chaiyasate S, Roongrotwattanasiri K, Fooanan S, Sumitsawan Y. Epistaxis in
Chiang Mai University Hospital. J Med Assoc Thai. 2005 Sep;88(9):1282-6. PubMed
PMID: 16536117.

46: Blanchet AS, Cottin V, Cordier JF. [Pulmonary vascular manifestations in
hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia]. Presse Med. 2005 Nov 5;34(19 Pt
2):1487-95. Review. French. PubMed PMID: 16301980.

47: Schlag K, Opitz C, Wensel R, Felix S, Ewert R. [Pulmonary hypertension in
hereditary haemorrhagic teleangiectasia (Rendu-Osler-Weber disease). Progression 
over 10 years]. Dtsch Med Wochenschr. 2005 Jun 10;130(23):1434-7. German. PubMed 
PMID: 15929019.

48: Morales JM, Campistol JM, Kreis H, Mourad G, Eris J, Schena FP, Grinyo JM,
Nanni G, Andres A, Castaing N, Brault Y, Burke JT. Sirolimus-based therapy with
or without cyclosporine: long-term follow-up in renal transplant patients.
Transplant Proc. 2005 Mar;37(2):693-6. PubMed PMID: 15848504.

49: Karras DJ, Ufberg JW, Harrigan RA, Wald DA, Botros MS, McNamara RM. Lack of
relationship between hypertension-associated symptoms and blood pressure in
hypertensive ED patients. Am J Emerg Med. 2005 Mar;23(2):106-10. PubMed PMID:
15765324.

50: Freedom RM, Yoo SJ, Perrin D. The biological "scrabble" of pulmonary
arteriovenous malformations: considerations in the setting of cavopulmonary
surgery. Cardiol Young. 2004 Aug;14(4):417-37. Review. PubMed PMID: 15680049.
51: Emmanouilides C, Pegram M, Robinson R, Hecht R, Kabbinavar F, Isacoff W.
Anti-VEGF antibody bevacizumab (Avastin) with 5FU/LV as third line treatment for 
colorectal cancer. Tech Coloproctol. 2004 Nov;8 Suppl 1:s50-2. PubMed PMID:
15655642.

52: Gurney TA, Dowd CF, Murr AH. Embolization for the treatment of idiopathic
posterior epistaxis. Am J Rhinol. 2004 Sep-Oct;18(5):335-9. PubMed PMID:
15586807.

53: Middleton PM. Epistaxis. Emerg Med Australas. 2004 Oct-Dec;16(5-6):428-40.
Review. PubMed PMID: 15537406.

54: Ray R, Pal H, Kumar R, Maulick P, Mangla R. Post-marketing surveillance of
buprenorphine. Pharmacoepidemiol Drug Saf. 2004 Sep;13(9):615-9. PubMed PMID:
15362084.

55: Memeo M, Stabile Ianora AA, Scardapane A, Buonamico P, Sabbà C, Angelelli G. 
Hepatic involvement in hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia: CT findings. Abdom 
Imaging. 2004 Mar-Apr;29(2):211-20. Review. PubMed PMID: 15290948.

56: Chaboki H, Patel AB, Freifeld S, Urken ML, Som PM. Cavernous carotid aneurysm
presenting with epistaxis. Head Neck. 2004 Aug;26(8):741-6. PubMed PMID:
15287042.

57: McErlane K, Pence C. Epistaxis. Nursing. 2004 Aug;34(8):88. PubMed PMID:
15286522.

58: Sandler AB, Johnson DH, Herbst RS. Anti-vascular endothelial growth factor
monoclonals in non-small cell lung cancer. Clin Cancer Res. 2004 Jun 15;10(12 Pt 
2):4258s-4262s. Review. PubMed PMID: 15217970.

59: Rugo HS. Bevacizumab in the treatment of breast cancer: rationale and current
data. Oncologist. 2004;9 Suppl 1:43-9. Review. PubMed PMID: 15178815.

60: Herbst RS, Sandler AB. Non-small cell lung cancer and antiangiogenic therapy:
what can be expected of bevacizumab? Oncologist. 2004;9 Suppl 1:19-26. Review.
PubMed PMID: 15178812.

61: Hochmuth A, Ridder GJ, Gollner U, Boedeker CC, Klisch J. Moyamoya disease
complicated by life-threatening epistaxis: first report of a case. Acta
Otolaryngol. 2004 Mar;124(2):206-9. PubMed PMID: 15072426.

62: Tokalak I, Başaran O, Emiroğlu R, Karakayali H, Bilgin N, Haberal M. Problems
in postoperative renal transplant recipients who present to the emergency unit:
experience at one center. Transplant Proc. 2004 Jan-Feb;36(1):184-6. PubMed PMID:
15013341.

63: Varnholt H, Kradin R. Pulmonary capillary hemangiomatosis arising in
hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia. Hum Pathol. 2004 Feb;35(2):266-8. PubMed
PMID: 14991548.

64: Hasegawa T, Takegoshi H, Kikuchi S, Iinuma T. [A statistical analysis of
epistaxis between outpatients and inpatients]. Nippon Jibiinkoka Gakkai Kaiho.
2004 Jan;107(1):18-24. Japanese. PubMed PMID: 14969097.

65: Perdu J. [Mendelian arterial diseases. Pseudoxanthoma elasticum,
Ehlers-Danlos vascular syndrome, Rendu-Osler disease]. Arch Mal Coeur Vaiss. 2003
Nov;96(11):1096-104. Review. French. PubMed PMID: 14694786.

66: Bhutta SZ, Aziz S, Korejo R. Pregnancy following cardiac surgery. J Pak Med
Assoc. 2003 Sep;53(9):407-13. PubMed PMID: 14620316.

67: Hussain S, Dreyfus DE, Marcus RJ, Biederman RW, McGill RL. Is spironolactone 
safe for dialysis patients? Nephrol Dial Transplant. 2003 Nov;18(11):2364-8.
PubMed PMID: 14551367.

68: Strunski V. [Epistaxis (with treatment)]. Rev Prat. 2003 Jun
15;53(12):1365-9. French. PubMed PMID: 12920948.

69: Fuchs FD, Moreira LB, Pires CP, Torres FS, Furtado MV, Moraes RS, Wiehe M,
Fuchs SC, Lubianca Neto JF. Absence of association between hypertension and
epistaxis: a population-based study. Blood Press. 2003;12(3):145-8. PubMed PMID: 
12875475.

70: Nakada H, Kase Y, Matsunaga T, Komoda T, Iinuma T. Caspase 3 activation in
nasal capillary in patients with epistaxis. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 2003
May;128(5):632-9. PubMed PMID: 12748555.

71: Tsai HM, Shu CH. Transnasal sphenopalatine artery electrocautery for
posterior epistaxis. Zhonghua Yi Xue Za Zhi (Taipei). 2002 Nov;65(11):529-33.
PubMed PMID: 12583517.

72: Kabbinavar F, Hurwitz HI, Fehrenbacher L, Meropol NJ, Novotny WF, Lieberman
G, Griffing S, Bergsland E. Phase II, randomized trial comparing bevacizumab plus
fluorouracil (FU)/leucovorin (LV) with FU/LV alone in patients with metastatic
colorectal cancer. J Clin Oncol. 2003 Jan 1;21(1):60-5. PubMed PMID: 12506171.

73: Sittel Ch, Geisthoff UW, Plinkert PK. [Hereditary telangiectasia, recurrent
laryngeal nerve paralysis, tumor in the neck area. When you need the expertise of
an ENT specialist]. MMW Fortschr Med. 2002 Sep 12;144(37):31-4. German. PubMed
PMID: 12380336.

74: Canivet S, Dufour X, Drouineau J, Desmons-Golher C, Baculard F, Fontanel JP, 
Klossek JM. [Epistaxis and hospitalization: a retrospective observational study
over 4 years of 260 patients]. Rev Laryngol Otol Rhinol (Bord).
2002;123(2):79-88. French. PubMed PMID: 12360727.

75: Boĭko NV. [Clinical features of neurohumoral regulation of the vascular tonus
in patients with recurrent nasal bleedings]. Vestn Otorinolaringol.
2002;(3):16-9. Russian. PubMed PMID: 12227022.

76: Hicklin LA, Ryan C, Wong DK, Hinton AE. Nose-bleeds after sildenafil
(Viagra). J R Soc Med. 2002 Aug;95(8):402-3. PubMed PMID: 12151491; PubMed
Central PMCID: PMC1279966.

77: Schroth G, Lövblad KO, Ozdoba C, Remonda L. Non-traumatic neurological
emergencies: emergency neuroradiological interventions. Eur Radiol. 2002
Jul;12(7):1648-62. Epub 2002 May 18. PubMed PMID: 12111055.

78: Vaiman M, Segal S, Eviatar E. Fibrin glue treatment for epistaxis. Rhinology.
2002 Jun;40(2):88-91. PubMed PMID: 12092000.

79: Huang CL, Shu CH. Epistaxis: a review of hospitalized patients. Zhonghua Yi
Xue Za Zhi (Taipei). 2002 Feb;65(2):74-8. PubMed PMID: 12014362.

80: Fasce E, Flores M, Fasce F. [Prevalence of symptoms associated with blood
pressure in normal and hypertensive population]. Rev Med Chil. 2002
Feb;130(2):160-6. Spanish. PubMed PMID: 11974528.

81: Sparacino LL. Epistaxis management: what's new and what's noteworthy.
Lippincotts Prim Care Pract. 2000 Sep-Oct;4(5):498-507. Review. PubMed PMID:
11933439.

82: Herkner H, Havel C, Müllner M, Gamper G, Bur A, Temmel AF, Laggner AN,
Hirschl MM. Active epistaxis at ED presentation is associated with arterial
hypertension. Am J Emerg Med. 2002 Mar;20(2):92-5. PubMed PMID: 11880870.

83: Jain S, Malhotra P, Kumari S, Varma S. Safety and efficacy of moxonidine in
mild to moderate hypertension. J Assoc Physicians India. 2001 Aug;49:829-30.
PubMed PMID: 11837474.

84: Siwiec H, Szymański M, Szymańska A, Klatka J. [Epistaxis: causes and
management]. Wiad Lek. 2001;54(5-6):286-91. Polish. PubMed PMID: 11556211.

85: Koorey D, Waugh R. Hepatobiliary and pancreatic: a woman with epistaxis,
gross hepatomegaly and variceal bleeding. Diffuse hepatic involvement in
hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia with secondary portal hypertension. J
Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2001 Aug;16(8):934, 943. PubMed PMID: 11555111.

86: Manfredini R, La Cecilia O, Boari B, Gallerani M. [Epistaxis and circadian
rhythm]. Recenti Prog Med. 2001 Apr;92(4):286-9. Review. Italian. PubMed PMID:
11388049.

87: Temmel AF, Quint C, Toth J. Debate about blood pressure and epistaxis will
continue. BMJ. 2001 May 12;322(7295):1181. PubMed PMID: 11379582; PubMed Central 
PMCID: PMC1120295.

88: Khan GQ, Hassan DG, Masood T, Khan AR. Waldenstrom's macroglobulinaemia with 
intracerebral haemorrhage. J Postgrad Med. 2000 Jul-Sep;46(3):187-8. PubMed PMID:
11298468.

89: Romagnoli M, Marina R, Sordo L, Gaini RM. [Indications for selective arterial
embolization in the treatment of epistaxis]. Acta Otorhinolaryngol Ital. 2000
Oct;20(5):330-5. Italian. PubMed PMID: 11284260.

90: Herman A. Visual diagnosis: a child who has a nosebleed and high blood
pressure. Pediatr Rev. 2001 Mar;22(3):104-7. PubMed PMID: 11230629.

91: Saloheimo P, Juvela S, Hillbom M. Use of aspirin, epistaxis, and untreated
hypertension as risk factors for primary intracerebral hemorrhage in middle-aged 
and elderly people. Stroke. 2001 Feb;32(2):399-404. PubMed PMID: 11157173.

92: Kaneko K, Shimanuki T, Komoda T, Kase Y, Iinuma T. [Nose bleeds and nitric
oxide in the nose]. Nippon Jibiinkoka Gakkai Kaiho. 2000 Sep;103(9):986-92.
Japanese. PubMed PMID: 11070975.

93: Manfredini R, Portaluppi F, Salmi R, Martini A, Gallerani M. Circadian
variation in onset of epistaxis: analysis of hospital admissions. BMJ. 2000 Nov
4;321(7269):1112. PubMed PMID: 11061731; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC27518.

94: Chopra R. Epistaxis: a review. J R Soc Promot Health. 2000 Mar;120(1):31-3.
Review. PubMed PMID: 10918781.

95: Schmiz A, Haibt-Lüttke G, Albrecht G, Hagen R, Gustorf-Aeckerle R.
[Thrombosis of the basilar artery--a rare differential sudden deafness diagnosis 
and vestibular failure]. Laryngorhinootologie. 2000 May;79(5):253-9. German.
PubMed PMID: 10911600.

96: Razdan U, Zada R, Chaturvedi VN. Epistaxis: study of aetiology, site and side
of bleeding. Indian J Med Sci. 1999 Dec;53(12):545-52. PubMed PMID: 10862281.

97: Herkner H, Laggner AN, Müllner M, Formanek M, Bur A, Gamper G, Woisetschläger
C, Hirschl MM. Hypertension in patients presenting with epistaxis. Ann Emerg Med.
2000 Feb;35(2):126-30. PubMed PMID: 10650229.

98: Lubianca Neto JF, Fuchs FD, Facco SR, Gus M, Fasolo L, Mafessoni R, Gleissner
AL. Is epistaxis evidence of end-organ damage in patients with hypertension?
Laryngoscope. 1999 Jul;109(7 Pt 1):1111-5. PubMed PMID: 10401851.

99: Pantanowitz L. Epistaxis in the older hypertensive patient. J Am Geriatr Soc.
1999 May;47(5):631. PubMed PMID: 10323664.

100: Pulli RS. Management of epistaxis complicated by a previously undiagnosed
aortic coarctation. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 1999 Apr;120(4):584-7. PubMed
PMID: 10187966.
101: Lubianca-Neto JF, Bredemeier M, Carvalhal EF, Arruda CA, Estrella E, Pletsch
A, Gus M, Lu L, Fuchs FD. A study of the association between epistaxis and the
severity of hypertension. Am J Rhinol. 1998 Jul-Aug;12(4):269-72. PubMed PMID:
9740920.

102: Dempsey H, Antonitis J, Gerald S. Cold facts about epistaxis. Am J Nurs.
1998 Jul;98(7):21. PubMed PMID: 9663127.

103: Dandurand L, Whiteman C. Infant with epistaxis and absent femoral pulses.
Pediatr Emerg Care. 1998 Jun;14(3):202-4. PubMed PMID: 9655663.

104: Rigalleau V, Blanchetier V, Aparicio M, Baillet L, Sneed J, Dabadie H, Gin
H. Erythropoietin can deteriorate glucose control in uraemic
non-insulin-dependent diabetic patients. Diabetes Metab. 1998 Feb;24(1):62-5.
PubMed PMID: 9534011.

105: Barbarito C. Emergency! Hypertension-induced epistaxis. Am J Nurs. 1998
Feb;98(2):48. PubMed PMID: 9473985.

106: Ciccone A, Allegra JR, Cochrane DG, Cody RP, Roche LM. Age-related
differences in diagnoses within the elderly population. Am J Emerg Med. 1998
Jan;16(1):43-8. PubMed PMID: 9451312.

107: Korkia P, Stimson GV. Indications of prevalence, practice and effects of
anabolic steroid use in Great Britain. Int J Sports Med. 1997 Oct;18(7):557-62.
PubMed PMID: 9414081.

108: Aksenov VM, Pakhomov IL, Chifligarova TV, Sinebogov SV. [Nose bleed and
current methods of their management]. Vestn Otorinolaringol. 1997;(2):33-4.
Russian. PubMed PMID: 9163128.

109: Staffa F, Bartone M, Mancuso G, Mattioli PL, Pujia A, Gnasso A.
[Rendu-Osler-Weber disease. Report of a clinical case]. Minerva Med. 1996
Oct;87(10):471-4. Italian. PubMed PMID: 8992409.

110: Olofsson K, Dahlqvist A. [A study of spontaneous nosebleed. Pharmaceuticals 
contributed probably in every third case]. Lakartidningen. 1996 May
1;93(18):1741-2. Swedish. PubMed PMID: 8667792.

111: Voge VM. Secondary arterial hypertension linked to Freon exposure. South Med
J. 1996 May;89(5):516-8. PubMed PMID: 8638181.

112: Mérol JC, Parvy F, Seidermann L, Nasser T, Legros M. [Role of super
selective arteriography with embolization in the treatment of severe epistaxis:
our experience apropos of 16 cases]. Rev Laryngol Otol Rhinol (Bord).
1996;117(5):363-6. Review. French. PubMed PMID: 9183907.

113: Zampaglione B, Pascale C, Marchisio M, Cavallo-Perin P. Hypertensive
urgencies and emergencies. Prevalence and clinical presentation. Hypertension.
1996 Jan;27(1):144-7. PubMed PMID: 8591878.

114: Livesey JR, Watson MG, Kelly PJ, Kesteven PJ. Do patients with epistaxis
have drug-induced platelet dysfunction? Clin Otolaryngol Allied Sci. 1995
Oct;20(5):407-10. PubMed PMID: 8582070.

115: de Ancos Aracil C, Rebollar Mesa JL. [Microscopic polyarteritis]. An Med
Interna. 1995 Sep;12(9):453-5. Spanish. PubMed PMID: 8924553.

116: Viducich RA, Blanda MP, Gerson LW. Posterior epistaxis: clinical features
and acute complications. Ann Emerg Med. 1995 May;25(5):592-6. PubMed PMID:
7741333.

117: Grevers G. [Epistaxis--a stepwise plan for diagnosis and therapy]. Fortschr 
Med. 1995 Apr 20;113(11):151-4. Review. German. PubMed PMID: 7768475.

118: Littman MP. Spontaneous systemic hypertension in 24 cats. J Vet Intern Med. 
1994 Mar-Apr;8(2):79-86. PubMed PMID: 8046680.

119: Namysłowski G, Czecior E, Grabowska J, Iwko J, Kaczan B. [Surgical treatment
of nasal bleeding in patients admitted to the 2nd ENT department in Zabrze in the
years 1981-1990]. Otolaryngol Pol. 1994;48(5):423-7. Polish. PubMed PMID:
7808747.

120: Lin S. [Arterial embolization leading to fatal cerebral infarction (a case
report)]. Zhonghua Er Bi Yan Hou Ke Za Zhi. 1994;29(4):209-10. Chinese. PubMed
PMID: 7803119.

121: Kurien M, Raman R, Thomas K. Profuse epistaxis: an argument for conservative
medical management. Singapore Med J. 1993 Aug;34(4):335-6. PubMed PMID: 8266207.

122: Sachdeva R, Yapor M, Schwersenz A, Mitty H, Norton K, Rosh J, Borcich A,
Benkov K, LeLeiko NS. Massive variceal bleeding caused by a hepatic artery-portal
vein fistula: a manifestation of hepatocellular carcinoma in a 12-year-old. J
Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr. 1993 May;16(4):468-71. PubMed PMID: 8391075.

123: Lau YL, Wong SN, Lawton WM. Takayasu's arteritis associated with
Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome. J Paediatr Child Health. 1992 Oct;28(5):407-9. PubMed
PMID: 1356386.

124: Miller K, Atkin B, Moody ML. Drug therapy for nocturnal enuresis. Current
treatment recommendations. Drugs. 1992 Jul;44(1):47-56. Review. PubMed PMID:
1379909.

125: Ross GS, Bell J. Myocardial infarction associated with inappropriate use of 
topical cocaine as treatment for epistaxis. Am J Emerg Med. 1992
May;10(3):219-22. PubMed PMID: 1586432.

126: Zharko KP, Gorodyskaia EF, Trubchanin IuA, Bruk BM, Fedorovich AS. [A case
of carcinoid syndrome with leukemoid reaction and thrombo-hemorrhagic
complications]. Ter Arkh. 1992;64(10):46-8. Russian. PubMed PMID: 1485254.

127: Randall DA, Freeman SB. Management of anterior and posterior epistaxis. Am
Fam Physician. 1991 Jun;43(6):2007-14. Review. PubMed PMID: 2042544.

128: Witte CL, Witte MH, Pond GD. Preeminence of lesser splanchnic blood flow in 
selected patients with generalized portal hypertension. HPB Surg. 1990
Oct;2(4):233-50; discussion 250-1. PubMed PMID: 2278922; PubMed Central PMCID:
PMC2423585.

129: Padgham N. Epistaxis: anatomical and clinical correlates. J Laryngol Otol.
1990 Apr;104(4):308-11. PubMed PMID: 2370452.

130: Watson MG, Shenoi PM. Drug-induced epistaxis? J R Soc Med. 1990
Mar;83(3):162-4. PubMed PMID: 2325058; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC1292562.

131: Linskey ME, Sekhar LN, Hirsch W Jr, Yonas H, Horton JA. Aneurysms of the
intracavernous carotid artery: clinical presentation, radiographic features, and 
pathogenesis. Neurosurgery. 1990 Jan;26(1):71-9. PubMed PMID: 2294481.

132: Petruzzelli GJ, Johnson JT. How to stop a nosebleed. Postgrad Med. 1989 Sep 
15;86(4):44-6, 51, 55-6. PubMed PMID: 2476796.

133: Stopa R, Schönweiler R. [Causes of epistaxis in relation to season and
weather status]. HNO. 1989 May;37(5):198-202. German. PubMed PMID: 2732102.

134: Martínez Martínez R, Gasulla G, Lafuente A, Capellà D. [Nifedipine and
epistaxis recurrence]. Med Clin (Barc). 1989 Apr 1;92(12):476. Spanish. PubMed
PMID: 2739477.

135: Di Tullio M, Alli C, Avanzini F, Bettelli G, Colombo F, Devoto MA, Marchioli
R, Mariotti G, Radice M, Taioli E, et al. Prevalence of symptoms generally
attributed to hypertension or its treatment: study on blood pressure in elderly
outpatients (SPAA). J Hypertens Suppl. 1988 Nov;6(1):S87-90. PubMed PMID:
3216243.

136: Müller-Wiefel DE. [The hypertensive crisis in childhood]. Wien Klin
Wochenschr. 1988 Aug 26;100(16):547-55. Review. German. PubMed PMID: 3055687.

137: Jackson KR, Jackson RT. Factors associated with active, refractory
epistaxis. Arch Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 1988 Aug;114(8):862-5. PubMed PMID:
3390329.

138: Metson R, Lane R. Internal maxillary artery ligation for epistaxis: an
analysis of failures. Laryngoscope. 1988 Jul;98(7):760-4. PubMed PMID: 3386382.

139: Broyer M, Tete MJ, Gubler MC. Late symptoms in infantile cystinosis. Pediatr
Nephrol. 1987 Jul;1(3):519-24. PubMed PMID: 3153326.

140: Borík O, Rumlová L. [Intranasal administration of chlornidine gel in
hypertension]. Cas Lek Cesk. 1987 Jan 9;126(2):54-6. Czech. PubMed PMID: 3542221.

141: Osman EM, Abboud OI, Danielson BG. Chronic renal failure in Khartoum, Sudan.
Ups J Med Sci. 1987;92(1):65-73. PubMed PMID: 3035772.

142: Hiller E, Klöppel G. [Epistaxis, hypertension and neck tumor--a rare case of
a hormonally active carotid paraganglioma]. HNO. 1986 Aug;34(8):350-2. German.
PubMed PMID: 3759517.

143: Okafor KC, Griffin C, Ngole PM. Hydrochlorothiazide-induced thrombocytopenic
purpura. Drug Intell Clin Pharm. 1986 Jan;20(1):60-1. PubMed PMID: 3943458.

144: Zangerle KF, Wolford R. Syncope and conduction disturbances following
sublingual nifedipine for hypertension. Ann Emerg Med. 1985 Oct;14(10):1005-6.
PubMed PMID: 4037465.

145: Watson AR, Balfe JW, Hardy BE. Renovascular hypertension in childhood: a
changing perspective in management. J Pediatr. 1985 Mar;106(3):366-72. PubMed
PMID: 3156226.

146: Zagaĭnov NS. [Vascular permeability of patients with nosebleed and a
background of arteriosclerosis and hypertension and its relation to solar and
geomagnetic disturbances]. Vestn Otorinolaringol. 1984 Jul-Aug;(4):48-51.
Russian. PubMed PMID: 6474677.

147: Poulsen P. Epistaxis. Examination of hospitalized patients. J Laryngol Otol.
1984 Mar;98(3):277-9. PubMed PMID: 6699490.

148: Mülfay V, Draşoveanu C, Mülfay G. [The diagnosis and treatment of
epistaxis]. Rev Chir Oncol Radiol O R L Oftalmol Stomatol Otorinolaringol. 1983
Oct-Dec;28(4):247-54. Romanian. PubMed PMID: 6229831.

149: Idupuganti S. Epistaxis in hypertensive patients taking thioridazine. Am J
Psychiatry. 1982 Aug;139(8):1083-4. PubMed PMID: 7091446.

150: Small M, Murray JA, Maran AG. A study of patients with epistaxis requiring
admission to hospital. Health Bull (Edinb). 1982 Jan;40(1):20-9. PubMed PMID:
7061227.
151: Labauge R, Pages A, Pages M, Ribstein J, Richard JL. [Haemorrhagic necrosis 
of a pituitary adenoma in a case of multiple endocrine neoplasia (author's
transl)]. Rev Neurol (Paris). 1982;138(2):149-58. French. PubMed PMID: 6125019.

152: Aksenov VM, Kvaraia DD. [Submucosal resection of the nasal septum with
reimplantation of autologous cartilage and bone in recurrent nosebleeds against a
background of hypertension]. Vestn Otorinolaringol. 1981 Jul-Aug;(4):47-50.
Russian. PubMed PMID: 7303373.

153: Bohutová J, Kolár J, Olejnícek A. Treatment of heavy epistaxis by
intraarterial embolisation. Radiologe. 1981 Feb;21(2):81-3. PubMed PMID: 7208904.

154: McDonald TJ, Pearson BW. Follow-up on maxillary artery ligation for
epistaxis. Arch Otolaryngol. 1980 Oct;106(10):635-8. PubMed PMID: 7417093.

155: Pavie A, Escande G, Baehrel B, Etievent P, Villemot JP, Gandjbakhch I,
Cabrol C. [Double aortic arch with coarctation. Apropos of a case]. Arch Mal
Coeur Vaiss. 1980 May;73(5):542-7. French. PubMed PMID: 6772133.

156: Robinson NE. Functional abnormalities caused by upper airway obstruction and
heaves: their relationship to the etiology of epistaxis. Vet Clin North Am Large 
Anim Pract. 1979 May;1(1):17-34. Review. PubMed PMID: 388830.

157: Riche MC, Chiras J, Melki JP, Merland JJ. [The value of embolization in
severe epistaxis. Indications and methods (author's transl)]. J Radiol. 1979
Apr;60(4):291-8. French. PubMed PMID: 490477.

158: Riché MC, Chiras J, Melki JP, Merland JJ. The role of embolisation in the
treatment of severe epistaxis. A review of 54 cases. J Neuroradiol.
1979;6(3):207-20. English, French. PubMed PMID: 553953.

159: Ibrashi F, Sabri N, Eldawi M, Belal A. Effect of atherosclerosis and
hypertension on arterial epistaxis. J Laryngol Otol. 1978 Oct;92(10):877-81.
PubMed PMID: 712220.

160: Nagymajtényi E, Szabados E. [Nosebleed in our clinical patient material].
Orv Hetil. 1978 Jul 16;119(29):1772-4. Hungarian. PubMed PMID: 673396.

161: Niarchos AP. Evaluation of intravenous clonidine in hypertensive
emergencies. J Clin Pharmacol. 1978 Apr;18(4):220-8. PubMed PMID: 632367.

162: Stell PM. Epistaxis. Clin Otolaryngol Allied Sci. 1977 Aug;2(3):263-73.
PubMed PMID: 338212.

163: Charles R, Corrigan E. Epistaxis and hypertension. Postgrad Med J. 1977
May;53(619):260-1. PubMed PMID: 876933; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC2496568.

164: Petruson B, Rudin R, Svärdsudd K. Is high blood pressure an aetiological
factor in epistaxis? ORL J Otorhinolaryngol Relat Spec. 1977;39(3):155-60. PubMed
PMID: 339142.

165: Lingeman RE. Epistaxis. Am Fam Physician. 1976 Dec;14(6):78-83. PubMed PMID:
998472.

166: Drumheller GH. Extranasal treatment of epistaxis. Rhinology. 1975
Aug;13(2):99-102. PubMed PMID: 1224133.

167: Pearson BW. Symposium. ENT for nonspecialists. Epistaxis. Postgrad Med. 1975
May;57(6):116-9. PubMed PMID: 47631.

168: Shaheen OH. Arterial epistaxis. J Laryngol Otol. 1975 Jan;89(1):17-34.
PubMed PMID: 1113029.

169: Green LK, Green RS, Harris RE. Life-threatening epistaxis associated with
pregnancy. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 1974 Dec 15;120(8):1113-4. PubMed PMID: 4432900.

170: Mazey RM, Kotchen TA, Ernst CB. A syndrome resembling pheochromocytoma
following a stroke. Report of a case. JAMA. 1974 Oct 28;230(4):575-7. PubMed
PMID: 4153264.

171: Editorial: Coping with nose-bleeds. Br Med J. 1974 Mar 9;1(5905):405-6.
PubMed PMID: 4816849; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC1633245.

172: Petruson B. Epistaxis. A clinical study with special reference to
fibrinolysis. Acta Otolaryngol Suppl. 1974;317:1-73. PubMed PMID: 4528551.

173: Jash DK. Epistaxis--topical use of epsilon-aminocaproic acid in its
management. J Laryngol Otol. 1973 Sep;87(9):895-8. PubMed PMID: 4728302.

174: Barga JL. How to treat nosebleed. Am Fam Physician. 1973 Aug;8(2):66-73.
PubMed PMID: 4578466.

175: Rosnagle RS, Yanagisawa E, Smith HW. Specific vessel ligation for epistaxis:
survey of 60 cases. Laryngoscope. 1973 Apr;83(4):517-25. PubMed PMID: 4700864.

176: Banta RG, Seltzer JL. Bloody tears from epistaxis through the nasolacrimal
duct. Am J Ophthalmol. 1973 Apr;75(4):726-7. PubMed PMID: 4696676.

177: Symptoms in hypertension. Br Med J. 1973 Feb 24;1(5851):433-4. PubMed PMID: 
4689825; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC1588484.

178: Page IH. Hypertension: a symptomless but dangerous disease. N Engl J Med.
1972 Sep 28;287(13):665-6. PubMed PMID: 5076463.

179: Weiss NS. Relation of high blood pressure to headache, epistaxis, and
selected other symptoms. The United States Health Examination Survey of Adults. N
Engl J Med. 1972 Sep 28;287(13):631-3. PubMed PMID: 5076458.

180: Witte CL, Witte MH, Krone CL. Contrasting hemodynamic patterns of portal
hypertension. Ann Surg. 1972 Jul;176(1):68-79. PubMed PMID: 4537675; PubMed
Central PMCID: PMC1355278.

181: Derbeneva TN, Guterman GM. [Changes in the nasal mucous membrane and blood
vessels in hypertensive vascular disorders and atherosclerosis]. Vestn
Otorinolaringol. 1971 May-Jun;33(3):73-8. Russian. PubMed PMID: 5097352.

182: Hill CL, Jacewicz JL. Clinical evaluation of intranasal cooling for
epistaxis. Trans Am Acad Ophthalmol Otolaryngol. 1971 Mar-Apr;75(2):395-8. PubMed
PMID: 5557174.

183: Derbeneva TN. [Some questions of the etiology of nosebleed according to data
on an otorhinolaryngological hospital]. Vestn Otorinolaringol. 1970
Nov-Dec;32(6):16-20. Russian. PubMed PMID: 5496845.

184: Shirinov IaB. [Profuse hemorrhae from the ears, both sides of the nose and
the oral cavity]. Vestn Otorinolaringol. 1970 Nov-Dec;32(6):90-1. Russian. PubMed
PMID: 5312984.

185: Bluestone CD, Nixon VB. Intranasal freezing for severe epistaxis. Status in 
1968. Int Surg. 1970 Jan;53(1):11-5. PubMed PMID: 5436934.

186: Doncieux D, Pelisse JM. [Epistaxis]. Presse Med. 1969 Dec 25;77(55):2091-5. 
French. PubMed PMID: 5373509.

187: Sprenger F. [Experiences with Terbolan in otorhinolaryngological practice]. 
Med Welt. 1969 Mar 1;9:489-90. German. PubMed PMID: 5771356.

188: Iglesias PA. Meningeal epistaxis. Subarachnoid hemorrhage due to arterial
hypertension. J Kans Med Soc. 1969 Feb;70(2):52-4. PubMed PMID: 5763155.

189: Heare CR. Management of epistaxis by controlled hypotension. Laryngoscope.
1968 Nov;78(11):1953-5. PubMed PMID: 5722899.

190: Secondi U. [On epistaxis. Clinical note]. Ann Laringol Otol Rinol Faringol. 
1968;67(4):628-32. Italian. PubMed PMID: 5756410.

191: Bluestone CC, Smith HC. Intranasal freezing for severe epistaxis. Arch
Otolaryngol. 1967 Apr;85(4):445-7. PubMed PMID: 6021755.

192: Bogusz W, Czopik J, Kochler B. [Profuse epistaxis in a child with kidney
hypertension]. Pol Tyg Lek. 1966 Dec 5;21(49):1902-3. Polish. PubMed PMID:
5980525.

193: Malcomson KG. The treatment of epistaxis. Geriatrics. 1965
Dec;20(12):1023-32. PubMed PMID: 5842250.

194: Bergomi A, Perani G, Barbi G. [Epistaxis as a cause of alterations of
biohumoral equilibrium in the course of diverse morbid syndromes]. Arch Ital Otol
Rinol Laringol. 1965 Nov-Dec;76(6):870-84. Italian. PubMed PMID: 4379890.

195: SZABO E. THE NATURAL HISTORY AND THERAPY OF NASAL BLEEDING PRODUCING
GERIATRIC PROBLEMS. J Laryngol Otol. 1965 May;79:384-90. PubMed PMID: 14280445.

196: BETOW K. [UNUSUAL CASES OF NOSEBLEED.]. Med Klin. 1965 Mar 12;60:413-5.
German. PubMed PMID: 14260704.

197: RIBEIRO FD. THE INCIDENCE AND TREATMENT OF IRON-DEFICIENCY ANAEMIA IN AN
AFRICAN GENERAL PRACTICE. S Afr Med J. 1964 May 9;38:321-4. PubMed PMID:
14145113.

198: MARK H. [EPISTAXIS IN THE AGED.]. Gerontol Clin (Basel). 1964;24:360-6.
German. PubMed PMID: 14225111.

199: HARNAGEA P. [TREATMENT OF HYPERTENSIVE EMERGENCIES.]. Stud Cercet Med
Interna. 1964;38:359-70. Review. Romanian. PubMed PMID: 14212654.

200: SZABO E. [ON THE CLINICAL ASPECTS AND THERAPY OF NOSEBLEED.]. Monatsschr
Ohrenheilkd Laryngorhinol. 1963 Aug;97:369-72. German. PubMed PMID: 14084281.
201: MITCHELL JR. Nose-bleeding and high blood pressure. Br Med J. 1959 Jan
3;1(5113):25-7. PubMed PMID: 13608070; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC1992321.

202: RAUCH S. [Treatment of epistaxis in patients with hypertension.]. Munch Med 
Wochenschr. 1956 Feb 17;98(7):242-6. German. PubMed PMID: 13309295.

203: HRENOFF AK. Hexamethonium contributing to fatal shock in hypertensive
epistaxis. Calif Med. 1954 Dec;81(6):417-8. PubMed PMID: 13209379; PubMed Central
PMCID: PMC1532359.

204: KILLEN OH. Epistaxis in hypertension. Ir J Med Sci. 1954 Oct;6(346):427-46. 
PubMed PMID: 13211048.